Pages on This Blog: Works and Documentation

Sunday 19 December 2021

Queering Love, Anatomy and Tarot Symbolism: Alternative Bodies

 Fyodor Pavlov is a contemporary queer tattoo artist and illustrator, and I've only recently been introduced to his work via a friend, who sent me this Tarot card design, which reminds me of some of the photographic work of Joel-Peter Witkin:


The point of note is the hermaphroditic anatomy of the two characters, which has echoes of medieval alchemical imagery - a subject I studied widely for a project in 3rd year of my undergrad degree. The outcome was a short film which depicted the creation of two opposing bodies which unite to combine a third, 'perfect' being - the hermaphrodite or androgyne. Alchemical texts and diagrams repeatedly refer to the unification of opposites, and 'queer' bodies such as this image, and the concept of the 'rebis', which is the outcome of the Magnum Opus - an embodied divine hermaphrodite. The interesting aspect of the image is that while the right-hand figure is commonly reflected in art, comix and pornography, the figure on the left - correspondingly bereft of visible secondary sexual characteristics - is far less represented*. This under-representation has its counterpart in the near-invisibility of transmales (especially those who have had 'top, but not 'bottom' surgery) in online adult and pornographic contexts, a subject studied in some detail by Dr. Angela Jones, and also addresses the early research questions I posed at the start of my PhD journey: 

1.     Why do some symbols persist universally in human collective consciousness (e.g. the hermaphrodite being, myths of gender-swapping beings/heroes, shamanistic bi-gendered ambiguity) and are yet ridiculed, challenged and suppressed in society and culture?

2.     What constitutes an “acceptable” depiction of a non-standard body is there such a thing? In what contexts?

3.     Why can ‘niche’ areas like stage performance in an arts context and pornography seem less exclusionary of the Other in gender identity than the general public sphere?


*Earlier, I made a piece in the '3 Questioning Cartoons' series, Nip 'N Tuck, which is based upon my own experiences and utilises the under-represented form of the male-bodied hermaphrodite (or androgyne), as the genital area is left deliberately ambiguous. It could be argued that this bodily form could also be termed a eunuch (itself a form of 'third gender'). The ability for female genitals to remain out of sight even when physically present, representing 'inner/hiddenness', also subverts the upper male anatomy, which is itself again called into question by the 'incongruous' hair and physiognomy.

Thursday 9 December 2021

Tag Team: Keywords Revisited/Problematic Semantics

 Following on from my previous observations of online tags/keywords being used to classify non-pornographic works into a pornographic context, this post will be a brief sequel, incorporating the data analysis produced by Mazières et al* of intended pornographic content in its correct context. The paper is highly informative and begs further, deeper insight, as the writers themselves conclude, and despite being old (in Internet terms, published in 2014), I found some value in its analysis of tagging systems and terminology utilised for content involving marginalised and 'non-standard' bodies and types, as well as the fact that one of the two sites under query - Xhamster - employed me last year as a webcam performer.

Deep Tags presents visual and statistical analysis of the popularity, hierarchy, and intersection of keywords used to describe graphic video content. The importance of tagging systems is summed up early: "If we were to postulate that ‘words inform sexuality’ (Sigel 2000), our research explores the possibility that ‘porn tags inform pornography’." (p. 81). How tags are situated with regard to their connections to other tags (including common associations) is highlighted by their illustration of this point, using the tag for subjects who are differently-bodied from mainstream performers:

    "As an illustration, ‘midgets’ – a low-frequency category in XHamster – is present 10 times more than expected in all videos having the tag ‘funny’. This indicates a strong relation between these two categories and tells us that it is highly likely that midgets appear mainly to fulfil a ‘funny’ aspect of the scene. The fact that ‘midgets’ appears more with ‘blowjobs’ than with ‘funny’ is statistically expected and therefore ignored, while the relation between ‘midgets’ and ‘funny’ is unexpected and consequently highlighted in the network." (p. 87)

Being writers of a paper devoted to data-crunching, Mazières et al do not aim to draw conclusions on the motives or attitudes involved in persons producing, viewing, marketing or tagging this kind of content. It does, however, cast shadows over the utopian idea (of mine) that any inclusion has to be better than exclusion, through the basics of semantic association: going by these datasets, 'midgets' are expected to be 'funny' when users seek (or identify) video works as such. Let's put it another way, and say that on a hypothetical XXX-rated site, there was a common tendency for the tag 'fat' to be paired with 'gross' - and there are indeed adult-rated websites catering precisely to 'tasteless' or 'shock' content** - what does that tell an observer about the uploaders, the viewers, the taggers? Obese performers feature far more commonly in pornographic videos than midget performers (I sense the tag 'BBW' hadn't risen to its current prominence at the time of writing Deep Tags), and 'plus-size' lingerie and such like are now commonly visible on shopping sites, including eBay (and with corresponding plus-sized models). All this positive body-imaging, however, can be undone in the minds of viewers if there remains a tendency to view such bodies in a negative, rather than inclusive or empowering, light - a tendency given online currency by such negative behaviour and associations, reinforcing cultural stigmas and criticisms (the term BBW, I suspect, is designed to reflect a body-positive way of identifying the larger (female) performer, precisely because 'fat' is degrading, and 'obese' rather too technical. In other news, the category "ugly" is one I have noted appearing with some regularity on straight/heterosexual image hosting sites in recent years. "Porn tags informing pornography", indeed...). In the example of midgets quoted above, we may, in fact, discern a retrograde step back to the bad old days of freak shows and carnival (in the broadest, Bakhtinian sense), where 'little people' bring laughter simply by their very appearance. (And no, being white, tall and skinny doesn't mean I'm writing this from an elevated position of untouchable superiority over other body types: see here for very recent negative reactions to my own nude form).


The above illustration from Deep Tags' visualization of the network of inter-related tags on Xhamster shows a further problem: as the writers note, the only connecting node between the non-hetero/normative bodies in the above diagram is the tag 'bisexual', which goes on then to encompass men, gays, black gays, ladyboys and shemale - pretty much everything that doesn't refer to cisgender women, or men doing things with cisgender women. After all, the category of 'gay' is capable of interacting with a great many of the tags depicted in the network: men can have threesomes, blowjobs, appear in cartoons, be amateur, Asian, masturbate, be young, old, do POV, public, spanking, BDSM, etc. What the diagram clearly illustrates is the marginalization of the non-normative body and encounter (we expect that the midget and BBW performers are nonetheless ensconced in straight scenes or performances). The writers themselves summarize:

    "Among many other possible assertions, it is worth noting the strong separation of the cluster containing the tags ‘gay’ and ‘transsexual’ from all other parts of the network. Indeed, it is connected to the rest of the network only through the        tag ‘bisexual’, which constitutes a privileged bridge for any other co-occurrence.    The position of the gay cluster strongly reinforces a division between heterosexuality and homosexuality by isolating the latter (Sedgwick 1990). Halperin (1995, 44) states that ‘Heterosexuality defines itself without problematizing itself, it elevates itself as a privileged and unmarked term’, so what is ‘not heterosexual’ must be defined. It therefore acquires more semantic influence upon the repertoire of desires and fantasies available on pornographic platforms. This isolation of ‘gays’ calls for a more general analysis of cases where some categories or groups of categories become to some degree peripheral to the network and constitute niches."

The 'more general analysis' called for is, I hope, pending, in the hope of differentiating 'mainstream' from 'niche', 'kink' or 'perversion', and understanding the deeper issues therein. A common line I have noted on trans* profiles on adult dating sites and other online media is something along the lines of "I'm not your kink/dirty secret", in a clear attempt to empower the user beyond the still-marginalized status of the FtM, cross-dressed or non-binary body, and seek interactions with (presumably male) users who are able to view them as whole persons, not a fetishized manifestation of kinks and keywords. The writing of Dr. Angela Jones, especially the essay Cumming to a screen near you: Transmasculine and Non-binary people in the camming industry, will be informing the next phase of my research into the non-standard body in pornographic performance, with her research already touching upon some of the points and issues raised above. To sum up with a quote from Foucault, "'Words and things' is the entirely serious title of a problem" (in Karen Barad, Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter).

*Namely Deep Tags: toward a quantitative analysis of online pornography

**To the extent that my web protection application OpenDNS has 'tasteless' as a category of site that can be blocked. And on my network, it always has been.

Sunday 5 December 2021

Nothing to See Here: De-Centralising the Locus of Eroticism

 Is it possible to create art or imagery of a pornographic nature that does not focus on genitalia in any way? In contemporary approaches, this seems very difficult, given the prevailing pre-occuptaions, unless we enter the deep realm of fetishism, where actual nudity or explicitness is supplanted by the presence of very specific clothing or other interests (speech, action, domination, as opposed to exposure, penetration, etc.). The rationale behind this question is twofold: my long-standing interest in performative eroticism such as burlesque and striptease, wherein explicit revelation may or may not constitute the climax, and where tease and tension/release are skilfully controlled features of the act; and also, my desire to remove biological genitalia from the discourse surrounding the approval (or otherwise) shown towards any specific performer, performance, or depiction, and therefore confuse and obstruct problematic readings of a sexualised body, which tend to still follow traditional value judgements. (The argument over whether bodies ought to be sexualised in any context is, of course, another matter entirely. The fact that I have no problem with my own being presented in such a manner is the main reason that this blog, and the research currently surrounding it, exists).

As discussed in previous posts, I find the obsessive attention given to genitalia not only boring (the internet phenomenon of "dick pics", for example), but problematic, sensing often barely-veiled biological determinism at work (whether consciously, or unconsciously), with more Freudian overtones than you can shake the metaphorical stick at. In my own performative work (both artistic and paid-for), I have found myself viewing my physical being in the strange light of being at the intersection of all genders: biologocal masculinity, dressed up as socio-cultural femininity, and hence embodying trans*/non-binary gender, a 3-in-1 unity of opposites which has its precedents in ancient, mythological and shamanic cultures. This is an ontological reality which probably also informs my long-standing interests in gnostic, alchemical and other realms of esoterica, such as my recurring references to the Ouroboros and fascination with snakes generally. I don't want to dip too deep into the theory here at this early stage, but his line of thinking has produced a cartoon self-portrait as a preliminary towards future exploration of non-gender specific performance and depiction - as well as an approach into the area of deliberately (self-)censored imagery, again related to the idea that a partially-covered body may be more interesting than a fully revealed one, something I have played with in the past both in photographic, and drawn, artworks. The over-arching purpose, as hinted at in the title of this post, is also to restore interest to the body as a whole rather than a site of biological reductionism, where personhood is negated at the expense of a single organ (or lack thereof), so that the presence (or absence) of those organs is immaterial, and the rest of the figure is therefore 'read' accordingly, and any genitalia therefore imagined, or assumed (which itself might present a new avenue of research: why might certain viewers choose to 'assume' one particular set of organs over another? Might this assumption, yet again, be prompted by certain culturally-conditioned visual cues inherent in the physiognomy of the character? Suddenly, the idea of a 'guess-and-reveal'-style picture-book quiz comes to mind...).

Friday 3 December 2021

Clothes May Not Make the Man... Thoughts on Masculine and Transvestic Obsessions and Interactions

 As discussed elsewhere on this very blog, when it comes to sex talk, male viewers invariably focus heavily on their own penises, both in terms of how they are responding to the visual and sensory stimuli, and what they would like to do with it (often extremely keen to show it off, whether via stills or video cam, as if one organ is going to be radically different or more fascinating than any other). Interacting with a trans*/CD person, they literally became a part of the 2-in-1 pornographic duality described by Kipnis: 2 genders, 1 sex, in which both males and females are fully and completely compatible. Where I was concerned, we shared the same biology, making it much easier for viewers to identify with, but to also bring to bear a broad spectrum of readings of myself – anything from a 'sissy boy' to a 'bona fide woman' (in all but essentialist anatomy) - more thoughts on anatomy and specific body parts noted here.

From what I've observed, male viewers seem to have a very strong psychological need for the tangible, an attempt to grasp something beyond the immediate, unfolding visual pleasures, a projection into the future possibility of the corporeal – as opposed to, and derived from, the existing virtual here-and-now. A 2nd or 3rd message (following the inevitible “hi”), was often “Where are you?”, “location?” or some such variant, expressed more creatively through “Wish I was there now”, “I’d love to meet you”, “Do you ever get to x?”, where x is invariably some far flung South coast city (if within the UK), or else often in another continent altogether.

(Such desires, often very pushy in their articulation and insistence that they will travel to me, that I’m definitely worth the journey/time/money, almost entirely without fail, become laughable in the face of the reality – once the proverbial load has been shot and the user disappears suddenly and abruptly from vision, for ever. My deflections of such overtures started early in my career, with my location limited to “a long way away” (invariably true). The elaborate and seemingly earnest fantasies spun by users with regard to positing some potential future scene of togetherness, going beyond even the merely carnal to social public outings are exemplified in the illustration below. Despite his promises to travel to me (across the Atlantic), and wine and dine me (presumably at his expense, though the user admits to being 19, less than half my age), the suggestion that he spend a few dollars on fulfilling his desires for the here and now prompted a sudden and terminal disappearing act (note the time difference, bottom right, in the 2nd and 3rd screenshots below):

 




The very fact that I screenshotted these messages at the time demonstrates my understanding that here was, in fact, an object lesson in the fantasists’ rhetoric – or perhaps, less a desire for actual reality than an extension of the fantasy currently being played out before them, the need to discuss his imaginings and his projection of himself into my physical (not just virtual) space.

Beyond those who identify as men (by far the majority of users I interacted with on video chat), those who identify as CDs, TVs or any trans* spectators, however, tend to refer primarily to appearances – whether the details of my own (appreciation), or theirs, frequently in terms of the materiality of clothing and underwear, and how that makes them feel as a result, and are usually very explicit in terms of what they are wearing (taking care to mention pleats in skirts, seams in stockings, colours, etc., as if either looking in the mirror or referencing very specific images, which they may well be looking at at that time). The zone of interest in each case therefore descends into a strangely traditional – even stereotypical – binary of experience, reflecting precisely John Berger's famous sentiment that “men act, women appear” - herein refined to “men fuck”, “CDs dress [to be fucked]” since much of their discourse focuses around how their clothing makes them feel in the mood to be sexualised, and to experience the pleasure they both seek for themselves and to give to others – whether or not anyone else finds it arousing (it is assumed that someone will). The men seek an object of pleasure – the CD chooses to be that object, often with overt reference to their own desires to be used, abused, and to be seen and denigrated as a “slut”, “whore”, “sissy” etc. Herein I find myself deviating completely from this generic, fetishized CD/TV scene, where the focus is on the lowest, patriarchal interpretations of femaleness: the objectification, the submission, the eagerness to please, to be (ab)used, even humiliated publicly – zones of pleasure which I do not enter, as I do not read or view femaleness on that level, so therefore have no interest in aspiring to it. My observation is that, as cisgendered women (outside of pornography, whether hard or soft) are no longer willing to fulfil those roles unhesitatingly socially or sexually, that men turn to the 'safer' form of the CD/TV with their outward manifestation of femininity, their biological and psycho-sexual phallus and its comforting familiarity, and the CD's very raison d'etre being often solely the gratification of pleasure – woman surrogates who are only too happy to please and who can, one suspects, be treated the way certain men would like to treat their cis women (but cannot) – a worrying tendency I've theorized in the past2 as “cis-misogyny by proxy”, in which transfemales are degraded and used with the knowledge that there is no (or scant) legal or socio-political protection for a group of people who remain stigmatized, persecuted and, in many territories, legislated against. That many (who at least claim to be) on the trans* spectrum both allow and seek out this, is indeed a problematic issue, as it bundles paraphiliac fetishists together with both part-timers and full-timers, genderfluid and NB persons, and therefore lends weight to at least some of the transphobic rhetoric from opponents that, in some contexts, cross-dressing behaviour can empower patriarchy and misogyny, normalize such attitudes as a knock-on effect against cisgender women (if it's okay to refer to a trans* female as a “slut” or “whore”). As a performer, seeking reactions and embodying desires which I do not find problematic (turn-offs), I instead aim to operate as the controller of the situation, not the controlled. The presence of capital in the Xhamster ‘paid performer’ scenarios complicated things, bringing with it power on the part of the wielder of the tokens, which is why I very soon made explicit my ‘do/don’t’ list on my profile, to show that I wouldn’t tolerate just any old degradation for the sake of a few bucks. The ‘anything goes’ attitudes of many transvestite and cross-dressed users, for me, come very close to the fetishistic ‘forced feminization’ genre of (usually extreme) pornography, a subject I find personally distasteful, but which seems to go hand-in-hand with the attitudes cited above, namely the ‘sissy’, ‘slut’ fantasies of some. I find both forms of conversation very one-sided and boring, being as they are all about the voyeur, not about any particular interaction with me as a unique subject, but rather a malleable form to be manipulated into their own specific desires – as holes to be penetrated, a doll to be dressed or undressed at will – whether or not that is even compatible with my 'menu' or my own interests. The assumption that I can be persuaded to accord with their desires regardless is somewhat uncomfortably in line with the notion propagated in media and certain films, that cis women, upon resisting men's advances can, with sufficient persuasion and encouragement, be made to submit and agree to the encounter. In this sense I was repeatedly made to feel like one of Allen Jones' mannequin sculptures – an object to have the viewer's obsessions hung upon, rather than as a living, thinking “date” or partner, and which of course led directly to these works.

In terms of the overall situation of attitude/expectation, however, not everyone who is not a part of the solution is necessarily a part of the problem: many millions of women, at the height of the sexual revolution, still chose housework and child-rearing over sexual equality and career-building, although the situation of women in the career/home-making dilemma is not quite analogous to the paraphiliac/fetishist /genderqueer/trans* dichotomy due not only to overlapping tendencies and behaviours, but also that any woman is a legally-documented, tax-paying entity and therefore a statistical value: she either receives family benefits, or a wage/salary, and is able to be counted as such, while cross-dressing paraphilias are visible only when they are seen. Closeted (even married) men who cross-dress (whether through meetings, privately or online), and even cultivate a 'femme' persona and name, are under the radar as far as statistics go, which is why any attempt at quantifying any percentage of the population as trans* is always going to be wholly inadequate. The issue remains that many men are forced into acting as if they were paraphiliacs (sneaking out to hotels to dress, catching time when the spouse is away, 'borrowing' female family members' underwear) because the problems of 'coming out' are too immense or disruptive to family, career or other circumstances and that, given proper time to gestate and flourish, an inner persona may evolve into actual, realised physical embodiment – which is what happened to me3 once I found myself living by myself for the first time. My opportunity to fully investigate the hitherto repressed (albeit awkwardly) side of my personality manifested in a series of online feminine/trans personae (depending upon whether the website in question allowed gender options outside of the binary), and over the years of emails, messaging, chatroom and webcam interactions, I grew to realise that I was evolving as a person, and pushed this evolution as far as I dared. The climax was my first ever night out in public, in March 2014 – an evolution which could never have prospered had I remained with family, or stayed married or in other relationships. In my case, what could have easily been regarded as paraphiliac behaviour in its incipient stages, was ultimately revealed to be the logical conclusion to a process which had its roots in my early childhood.

To return to the online chatroom environment and the difference between the cis male and the TV/CD users, my observation is that the TVs, often apropos of nothing in particular, are keen to describe in detail what pretty, feminine things they are wearing, whether in actuality, or fantasy, e.g.: "I am wearing a short pleated pink skirt and soft white satin blouse right now...", the abundance of adjectives both suggestive of amateur fanfiction as well as overt emphasis both on the look and the feel of the fetishistic garments, either inspired by images or videos, or the viewer's own preferred garments:

 


 This kind of description goes hand in hand with the submissive/masochistic tendencies cited by psychologists as a paraphilia, in which the clothing itself imbues that state of altered self, the objectified 'slut' (usually in the person's own words) who desires to serve orally etc., or be used any which way by a dominant other. The scopophilia of fetishized cross-dressing is therefore made blatant. Clothing as a tactile experience has never had much effect upon me, the result being more in general appearance (does it look right? Do I do it justice?) and how that affects others (do they appreciate it?). It therefore becomes necessary to, in theory, distinguish between paraphilia (cross-dressing solely for sexual purposes) and those who enjoy sexual experiences whilst cross-dressed but also exist in that mode in day-to-day life. Where I stand apart from this internalized form of idealised femininity, which exists only as a pleasure principle, is that my growth as a genderfluid person was refined over decades of masquerade as a cis/het person whilst internalizing my own brand of femininity, and my interest in female clothing and style was informed primarily by real women whom I knew (or at least saw on television or in the media), and whose styles appealed to me first and foremost as distinctive and radical, my recurring point of interest being a classic late 1970s/Bohemian look – long sleeves, long hemlines, boots, hat, gloves – in fact, pretty much full body coverage (think classic Stevie Nicks). I realised, as soon as I'd started to put all this together in the early 2000s, that my reference points dated back in fact to my own lived experiences of growing up with late 1970s, when long swirly skirts and boots were the fashion for women. That such styles now sit comfortably in modern genres as 'gothic', 'steampunk' and 'boho' endows me with accidental underground trendiness. Had I been born female, I would likely have been influenced by, and continue to wear, the same styles, as this was the look adopted by many female friends I had during the 1990s, in the Dundee rock/punk/gothic music scene – which embraced multiple subcultures without much friction or mockery, including bikers, heavy metallists, and others4.


2 In my undergrad dissertation, 'The Non-Binary Body' (2020).

3 My beginnings at an early age meant I had no 'girl' clothes to cross-dress into, so I had to rely on imagination, inner dialogue, fantasy and to a large extent, the use of mirrors in order to construct my Other, inner self. While I increasingly felt more female as years went by, it was only through visualising and creating a dialogue with the mirror (and later, the camera) that I was able to see myself as Other and judge, appreciate, modify that construction. Thinking, or 'acting female' whilst embedded in day-to-day 'male mode' felt completely incongruous, and is the source of my own limited, low-level dysphoria – when I find mysef in a situation in which I could only fully and happily express myself in a female mode of being (for example, hearing ABBA or 80s dance tunes whilst out in male mode – music has long been a driving force behind my gender fluidity to the point of me having two completely segregated sets of playlists on my laptops). By age 9 or 10, because I would have felt ridiculous asking my parents to buy me girls' dolls, I made do with 'feminizing' my action men, giving them plasticine breasts, long hair hacked from old rugs and felt-tip pen makeup, resulting in characters who, when dressed, probably looked like Nazi drag queens from Cabaret. This early collision of masculine musculature and physiognomy, and primary symbols of glamour and femininity, appear to be a symptom of my deep-rooted sense of androgyny which has so troubled some viewers of my comic-book art in the more recent past – where certain of my character drawings were regarded as little more than men with breasts and makeup. I recall being very proud of my 'action women', and they seemed far closer to my personal view of womanhood than the impossibly ideal (and very skinny) proportions of Sindy and Barbie. I cannot say if the sense of feminization of these customised figures was in any way heightened by Action Man's lack of genitals – in any case, I don't ever recall considering that aspect of women much until my teens.

4 The extent of my appropriation of my female friends' styles only really occurred to me when I attended a Halloween party in 2005 in full goth drag – my first ever tentative time 'out' (hiding in plain sight) – hosted by the high priestess of Dundee's goth scene herself (and who in fact ran her own coven). I walked in wearing floor-length black velvet, Spanish riding hat and spike-heeled boots, to be welcomed by my hostess: “Oh my God, he's come as me”.

Wednesday 1 December 2021

Gathering the Threads: Revisiting Myth as Reference

Last week's storm of Wagnerian proportions, appropriatyely enough for me, was reaching its peak as I delivered my first public paper (on the Old English interpretation of the Valkyries) to the 'Doing Things with Old Norse Myth: A Research & Cultural Symposium on Mythological Processes', Aarhus Old Norse Mythology conference series, Reykjavík, on 26 November. Whilst seemingly not directly related in any way to this current line of research (the paper is a very abbreviated form of my MFAAH Humanities essay for Old English texts class), I wanted to use this big step into the academic realm as a means to rethink how my many and varied influences and interests cross-pollinate the work I do. Whilst the paper dealt with literary, linguistic and mythological concerns, at its heart still lies my interest in 'non-standard' beings, forms and entities: in this case, a class of female spirits who 'de-sex' themselves to operate in a masculine environment, to the point of 'cross-dressing' into male war-gear, with shields, helms and armour. This radical breaching of social and gendered boundaries is hardly alien to my recent studies of trans, non-binary and queer aesthetics andpersonhood. Several of the other talks, too, intersected my own interests and work (whether in their approach to archaeological human remains, artefact relics or literary/mythological body forms), and I was able to make some very interesting contacts in the field. As a result I'm already thinking about a new paper for next year's Aarhus event: on the topic of the female voice in myth and literature, its sonic use in certain contemporary genres of music (e.g. Viking metal, folk metal), and its tendency to be dissolved negatively into 'noise' by misogynistic concerns with reference to Gnaomi Siemens' notions of the ancient female voice as queer.

All this also gives me the chance to revisit one of my original research proposal questions: why certain non-standard forms, such as the hermaphrodite, the androgyne, the 'queer' or otherwise subversive influence (cf. Loki, in the Lokasenna) persist in mythological, legendary and poetic narratives (existing happily in theory) and yet are marginalized and oppressed in practice.

This is all early-career stuff at the moment, but the most exciting aspect of delivering the paper was how it has managed to re-unite the multiple threads of my source materials and reinvigorate my reference points.







The Future of Personal Research, and a Bit More

 Having spent the past few months completing Fragments of a Punk Opera , working on my PhD upgrade 'exam' and with the odd dash of a...